A2 · Lição 1: Passado Simples (Simple Past)
Objetivos da lição
- Usar o passado simples com verbos regulares e irregulares
- Fazer frases afirmativas, negativas e interrogativas no passado
- Aprender expressões de tempo no passado
Explicação
O passado simples é usado para ações completas e concluídas no passado.
I watched a movie yesterday. → Eu assisti a um filme ontem.
1. Verbos regulares: adicionar -ed
| Regra | Exemplo |
|---|---|
| Geral: + ed | work → worked |
| Termina em "e": + d | live → lived |
| Consoante + y: y → ied | study → studied |
| Vogal curta + consoante: dobra a consoante | stop → stopped |
2. Verbos irregulares
Não seguem regra, precisam ser decorados. Alguns dos mais comuns:
| Presente | Passado | Tradução |
|---|---|---|
| go | went | ir |
| have | had | ter |
| do | did | fazer |
| see | saw | ver |
| eat | ate | comer |
| make | made | fazer/produzir |
| take | took | pegar |
| come | came | vir |
| get | got | conseguir/pegar |
| know | knew | saber |
| think | thought | pensar |
| say | said | dizer |
| buy | bought | comprar |
| write | wrote | escrever |
| read | read (pronúncia muda: "red") | ler |
Veja a lista completa em
recursos/verbos-irregulares.md
3. Estruturas
Afirmativa: sujeito + verbo no passado (igual para todos os pronomes!)
I worked. She worked. They worked. I went. She went. They went.
Negativa: sujeito + didn't + verbo no infinitivo (sem -ed!)
I didn't work yesterday. → Eu não trabalhei ontem. She didn't go to the party. → Ela não foi à festa.
Interrogativa: Did + sujeito + verbo no infinitivo?
Did you watch the game? → Você assistiu ao jogo? Did she go to school? → Ela foi à escola?
Respostas curtas: Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
4. Passado do verbo to be
| Pronome | Passado |
|---|---|
| I / He / She / It | was |
| You / We / They | were |
I was at home. / They weren't ready. / Was she happy?
Vocabulário: Expressões de tempo no passado
| Expressão | Tradução |
|---|---|
| yesterday | ontem |
| last night/week/month/year | ontem à noite / semana/mês/ano passado |
| ago (two days ago) | atrás (dois dias atrás) |
| in 2020 | em 2020 |
| when I was a child | quando eu era criança |
Diálogo modelo
A: Did you have a good weekend? B: Yes, I did! I went to the beach with my family. What about you? A: I stayed home. I watched movies and read a book. B: Sounds relaxing!
Exercícios
1) Complete com o passado dos verbos:
a) She (go) to Paris last year. b) They (not/study) for the test. c) you (see) that movie? d) He (buy) a new car. e) I (be) very tired last night.
2) Transforme em negativa:
a) I watched the game. → b) She went to work. →
3) Transforme em pergunta:
a) They lived in London. → b) He had a dog. →
4) Traduza:
a) Eu comi pizza ontem à noite. → b) Ela não foi ao trabalho ontem. → c) Você viu o filme novo? →
Gabarito
1) a) went; b) didn't study; c) Did / see; d) bought; e) was
2) a) I didn't watch the game., b) She didn't go to work.
3) a) Did they live in London?, b) Did he have a dog?
4) a) I ate pizza last night. b) She didn't go to work yesterday. c) Did you see the new movie?
Próxima lição: Passado contínuo e comparativos