B1 · Lição 6: Modais de Dedução e Phrasal Verbs Intermediários
Objetivos da lição
- Usar modais para expressar certeza, possibilidade e dedução
- Ampliar o repertório de phrasal verbs
Explicação
1. Modais de dedução no presente
Usamos modais para dizer o quão certos estamos de algo, sem afirmar com 100% de certeza:
| Modal | Grau de certeza | Exemplo |
|---|---|---|
| must | quase certeza (positiva) | She must be tired, she worked 12 hours. |
| might / may / could | possibilidade | He might be at home. / It could be true. |
| can't | quase certeza (negativa) | That can't be true! It's impossible. |
Repare: usamos must para dedução positiva forte e can't para dedução negativa forte, nunca "mustn't" nesse sentido (mustn't = proibição, não dedução).
The lights are off. They must be out. → As luzes estão apagadas. Eles devem estar fora. She might come to the party, I'm not sure. → Ela pode vir à festa, não tenho certeza. He can't be at work, I just saw him at the mall! → Ele não pode estar no trabalho, acabei de vê-lo no shopping!
2. Modais de dedução no passado
Estrutura: modal + have + particípio passado
| Modal | Exemplo |
|---|---|
| must have + p.p. | She must have forgotten her phone. (quase certeza) |
| might/may/could have + p.p. | He might have missed the bus. (possibilidade) |
| can't have + p.p. | They can't have arrived yet, it's too early. (quase certeza negativa) |
Where's John? He must have left already. → Onde está o John? Ele deve ter saído já. She looks upset. Something might have happened. → Ela parece chateada. Algo pode ter acontecido.
3. Phrasal verbs intermediários
| Phrasal verb | Significado | Exemplo |
|---|---|---|
| carry on | continuar | Please carry on with your work. |
| come across | encontrar por acaso | I came across an old photo. |
| put off | adiar | We put off the meeting until Friday. |
| run out (of) | ficar sem | We ran out of milk. |
| set up | montar/estabelecer | They set up a new business. |
| break down | quebrar (máquina/carro) | My car broke down on the highway. |
| bring up | criar (um filho) / trazer à tona (assunto) | She brought up an interesting point. |
| deal with | lidar com | I need to deal with this problem. |
| figure out | descobrir/entender | I can't figure out how this works. |
| get along (with) | se dar bem com | I get along well with my coworkers. |
| get over | superar | It took time to get over the breakup. |
| look forward to | ansiar por/esperar ansiosamente | I'm looking forward to the trip. |
| point out | apontar/destacar | She pointed out a mistake in the report. |
| show up | aparecer | He didn't show up for the meeting. |
| turn out | acabar sendo/revelar-se | The movie turned out to be great. |
"look forward to" é seguido de substantivo ou verbo+ing, nunca infinitivo: I look forward to seeing you (não "to see").
Vocabulário: Emoções e reações
worried (preocupado), relieved (aliviado), confused (confuso), surprised (surpreso), disappointed (decepcionado), frustrated (frustrado)
Diálogo modelo
A: Where's Marcos? He hasn't shown up yet. B: He must have gotten stuck in traffic. He texted me saying his car broke down last week, so he might have had car trouble again. A: That's too bad. Well, let's carry on with the meeting without him. B: Good idea. We can't put it off any longer, we're running out of time!
Exercícios
1) Complete com must, might, could ou can't:
a) She's not answering. She be busy. (possibilidade) b) He be at the office, I just saw him leave five minutes ago. (certeza negativa) c) They be tired after such a long trip. (quase certeza)
2) Complete com o modal de dedução no passado:
a) She looks exhausted. She (must/not sleep) well. b) I don't see his car. He (might/leave) already.
3) Complete com o phrasal verb correto (run out of, look forward to, figure out, get along with):
a) I seeing you next week! b) We milk, can you buy some? c) I can't this puzzle. d) She her new coworkers very well.
4) Traduza:
a) Ela deve estar cansada. → b) Ele deve ter esquecido a reunião. → c) Estou ansioso para as férias. →
Gabarito
1) a) might; b) can't; c) must
2) a) must not have slept, b) might have left
3) a) look forward to; b) ran out of / are running out of; c) figure out; d) gets along with
4) a) She must be tired. b) He must have forgotten the meeting. c) I'm looking forward to the vacation.
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