B1 · Lição 5: Discurso Indireto (Reported Speech)
Objetivos da lição
- Relatar o que outra pessoa disse (afirmações, perguntas, ordens)
- Fazer a mudança correta de tempos verbais (backshift)
- Ajustar pronomes e expressões de tempo/lugar
Explicação
Discurso direto: repetimos exatamente o que a pessoa disse, entre aspas.
She said, "I am tired."
Discurso indireto (reported speech): contamos o que a pessoa disse, sem aspas, geralmente "voltando" um tempo verbal (backshift):
She said (that) she was tired.
1. Mudança de tempos verbais (Backshift)
| Discurso direto | Discurso indireto |
|---|---|
| Present simple → | Past simple |
| Present continuous → | Past continuous |
| Past simple → | Past perfect |
| Present perfect → | Past perfect |
| will → | would |
| can → | could |
| must → | had to |
"I work here." → He said (that) he worked there. "I am watching TV." → She said she was watching TV. "I went to the party." → He said he had gone to the party. "I will call you." → She said she would call me. "I can help." → He said he could help.
2. Mudanças de pronomes e expressões de tempo/lugar
| Discurso direto | Discurso indireto |
|---|---|
| I | he/she |
| my | his/her |
| here | there |
| this | that |
| now | then |
| today | that day |
| tomorrow | the next day / the following day |
| yesterday | the day before / the previous day |
| ago | before |
"I'll see you tomorrow." → She said she would see me the next day. "I bought this yesterday." → He said he had bought that the day before.
3. Perguntas no discurso indireto
Não usamos inversão nem "do/does/did", e não há ponto de interrogação:
| Direto | Indireto |
|---|---|
| "Are you okay?" | She asked if/whether I was okay. |
| "Where do you live?" | He asked where I lived. |
| "What time is it?" | She asked what time it was. |
Perguntas com Wh-: Wh-word + sujeito + verbo (ordem afirmativa, sem auxiliar) Perguntas sim/não: usar if ou whether
4. Ordens e pedidos (Reported Commands)
Estrutura: told/asked + pessoa + (not) + to + verbo
"Close the door!" → He told me to close the door. "Please help me." → She asked me to help her. "Don't be late!" → He told me not to be late.
5. Verbos de fala (Reporting Verbs)
say (dizer, não precisa de objeto: he said that...), tell (dizer, precisa de objeto: he told me that...), ask (perguntar/pedir), explain, suggest, warn, promise
Vocabulário
Diferença crucial: say vs tell
He said (that) he was tired. (correto) He said me that... (errado!) He told me (that) he was tired. (correto)
Diálogo modelo
Original: "I'm moving to London next month," said Anna. "Are you excited?" asked Tom.
Reported: Anna said (that) she was moving to London the following month. Tom asked her if she was excited.
Exercícios
1) Passe para o discurso indireto:
a) "I am happy," she said. → She said . b) "I will call you tomorrow," he said. → He said . c) "Where do you live?" she asked. → She asked . d) "Close the window," he said to me. → He told me .
2) Corrija o erro:
a) "He said me that he was busy." →
3) Traduza:
a) Ela disse que estava cansada. → b) Ele perguntou se eu estava bem. → c) Ela me pediu para esperar. →
Gabarito
1) a) she was happy; b) he would call me the next day; c) where I lived; d) to close the window
2) He told me that he was busy. (ou: He said that he was busy.)
3) a) She said (that) she was tired. b) He asked if/whether I was okay. c) She asked me to wait.
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