B2 · Lição 6: Phrasal Verbs, Idioms e Collocations
Objetivos da lição
- Ampliar repertório de phrasal verbs de nível intermediário-avançado
- Aprender expressões idiomáticas (idioms) comuns
- Entender o conceito de collocations (combinações naturais de palavras)
Explicação
1. Phrasal verbs de nível B2
| Phrasal verb | Significado | Exemplo |
|---|---|---|
| come up with | criar/apresentar (ideia) | She came up with a great idea. |
| get away with | sair impune | He got away with cheating. |
| go through | passar por (dificuldade) / examinar | She's going through a hard time. |
| hold on | esperar/aguentar | Hold on, I'll be right there. |
| keep up with | acompanhar/manter o ritmo | I can't keep up with the news. |
| let down | decepcionar | Don't let your team down. |
| look into | investigar | The police are looking into the case. |
| make up | inventar (desculpa/história) / se reconciliar | He made up an excuse. / They made up after the fight. |
| pull off | conseguir algo difícil | She pulled off an amazing presentation. |
| put up with | tolerar/aguentar | I can't put up with his rudeness. |
| take after | puxar (parecer com um parente) | She takes after her mother. |
| turn down | recusar | He turned down the job offer. |
| work out | dar certo / se exercitar / resolver | Everything worked out fine in the end. |
2. Idioms (expressões idiomáticas) comuns
| Idiom | Significado | Exemplo |
|---|---|---|
| break the ice | quebrar o gelo | He told a joke to break the ice. |
| piece of cake | muito fácil | The test was a piece of cake. |
| hit the books | estudar bastante | I need to hit the books for the exam. |
| under the weather | se sentir mal (doente) | I'm feeling under the weather today. |
| once in a blue moon | raramente | We only meet once in a blue moon. |
| cost an arm and a leg | custar muito caro | That car costs an arm and a leg. |
| on the same page | de acordo/mesma opinião | Let's make sure we're on the same page. |
| get the ball rolling | começar algo | Let's get the ball rolling on this project. |
| a blessing in disguise | algo bom disfarçado de ruim | Losing that job was a blessing in disguise. |
| speak of the devil | falar no diabo (a pessoa aparece) | Speak of the devil, here he comes! |
| hit the nail on the head | acertar em cheio | You hit the nail on the head with that comment. |
| bite the bullet | encarar algo difícil | I'll just bite the bullet and tell her the truth. |
3. Collocations (combinações naturais de palavras)
Collocations são combinações de palavras que "soam certas" para um falante nativo, mesmo sem regra fixa. Aprender listas de collocations deixa seu inglês muito mais natural:
| Collocation | Tradução |
|---|---|
| make a decision | tomar uma decisão |
| make an effort | fazer um esforço |
| do homework | fazer lição de casa |
| do research | fazer pesquisa |
| take a break | fazer uma pausa |
| take a risk | correr um risco |
| have a conversation | ter uma conversa |
| pay attention | prestar atenção |
| heavy rain | chuva forte |
| strong coffee | café forte |
| deeply concerned | profundamente preocupado |
| highly recommended | altamente recomendado |
| fully aware | totalmente ciente |
Não existe uma regra lógica para decidir "make" ou "do", é preciso memorizar como um bloco: make a decision (não "do a decision"), do research (não "make research").
Vocabulário complementar
fluent/fluency (fluente/fluência), natural-sounding (que soa natural), native speaker (falante nativo)
Prática
After going through a tough year, she finally came up with a plan to get her career back on track. It cost her an arm and a leg to go back to school, but she decided to bite the bullet. It turned out to be a blessing in disguise, now she's doing research in a field she loves.
Exercícios
1) Complete com o phrasal verb correto (turn down, put up with, look into, take after):
a) I can't his constant complaining. b) She the job offer because the salary was too low. c) The manager will the customer's complaint. d) He really his father, same sense of humor!
2) Complete com o idiom adequado (piece of cake, under the weather, cost an arm and a leg, break the ice):
a) The exam was so easy, it was a . b) I'm feeling a bit today, I might have a cold. c) That designer bag must have . d) He told a funny story to at the party.
3) Complete com make ou do:
a) I need to a decision soon. b) She always s her homework right after school. c) We should some research before investing.
4) Traduza:
a) Eu não aguento mais esse barulho. → b) Ela teve uma ótima ideia. → c) Ele recusou a oferta de trabalho. →
Gabarito
1) a) put up with; b) turned down; c) look into; d) takes after
2) a) piece of cake; b) under the weather; c) cost an arm and a leg; d) break the ice
3) a) make; b) does; c) do
4) a) I can't put up with this noise anymore. b) She came up with a great idea. c) He turned down the job offer.
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