C1 · Lição 6: Conectivos Avançados e Hedging Language
Objetivos da lição
- Usar conectivos sofisticados para argumentação
- Usar "hedging" (linguagem de cautela) para soar mais natural e diplomático
- Praticar discourse markers usados por falantes fluentes
Explicação
1. O que é "hedging"?
Hedging é a arte de suavizar afirmações para soar menos categórico, mais educado e mais acadêmico, falantes nativos fluentes raramente afirmam algo de forma 100% absoluta. É uma marca importante de fluência em C1.
| Direto/absoluto | Com hedging (mais natural/diplomático) |
|---|---|
| This is wrong. | This doesn't seem entirely accurate. / This might not be correct. |
| You should do this. | You might want to consider doing this. |
| This will happen. | This is likely to happen. / This could potentially happen. |
| I disagree. | I tend to disagree, though I see your point. |
| That's a bad idea. | I'm not entirely convinced that's the best approach. |
Estruturas comuns de hedging: - It could be argued that... - It seems/appears that... - There is a possibility that... - To some extent, this is true. - Arguably, this is the best option. - This tends to happen when... - It's worth noting that...
2. Conectivos avançados (Advanced Discourse Markers)
| Função | Conectivos avançados |
|---|---|
| Adicionar/reforçar | not only... but also, what's more, on top of that |
| Contrastar (forte) | be that as it may, that said, notwithstanding, albeit |
| Causa | given that, on the grounds that, in light of |
| Consequência | hence, thus, as a consequence, in turn |
| Concessão | granted that, admittedly, while it's true that |
| Resumir/concluir | all things considered, in essence, ultimately |
Given that resources are limited, it could be argued the project should be postponed. That said, delaying it further might damage client relationships. All things considered, a partial rollout seems to be the most balanced solution.
3. Albeit, whereby, notwithstanding: conectivos de registro muito formal
The plan was approved, albeit with some reservations. → O plano foi aprovado, ainda que com algumas ressalvas. They created a system whereby employees can report issues anonymously. → Eles criaram um sistema pelo qual funcionários podem reportar problemas anonimamente. Notwithstanding the risks, the company decided to proceed. → Não obstante os riscos, a empresa decidiu prosseguir.
4. Advérbios de hedging (modificadores de grau)
somewhat (um tanto), fairly (razoavelmente), relatively (relativamente), rather (bastante/meio), arguably (indiscutivelmente/pode-se argumentar), presumably (presumivelmente), apparently (aparentemente)
The results were somewhat surprising. → Os resultados foram um tanto surpreendentes. This is arguably the best solution available. → Esta é, pode-se argumentar, a melhor solução disponível.
Vocabulário
diplomacy (diplomacia), nuanced (com nuances), categorical (categórico/absoluto)
Prática
It could be argued that remote work tends to increase productivity, although this may not apply to every industry. Admittedly, some roles require in-person collaboration. That said, it's worth noting that flexibility arguably improves employee retention. All things considered, a hybrid model seems to offer the best balance.
Exercícios
1) Reescreva as frases usando hedging (deixe menos categórico):
a) This is the best solution. → b) You should quit your job. → c) This will fail. →
2) Complete com o conectivo adequado (albeit, notwithstanding, whereby, that said):
a) The plan worked, with a few delays. b) the difficulties, they finished the project on time. c) They designed a process customers can request refunds easily. d) It's risky. , it could pay off.
3) Traduza usando hedging:
a) Isso parece ser a melhor opção. → b) Pode-se argumentar que essa política é injusta. → c) Vale a pena notar que os resultados variam. →
Gabarito
1) a) This seems/appears to be the best solution. b) You might want to consider quitting your job. c) This is likely to fail. / This could potentially fail.
2) a) albeit; b) Notwithstanding; c) whereby; d) That said
3) a) This seems to be the best option. b) It could be argued that this policy is unfair. c) It's worth noting that the results vary.
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