B2 · Lição 4: Orações Relativas e Discurso Indireto Avançado

Objetivos da lição

Usar orações relativas definidoras e não-definidoras
Usar pronomes relativos corretamente (who, which, that, whose, where, when)
Aprofundar o discurso indireto com sugestões, conselhos e verbos especiais

Explicação

1. Pronomes relativos

Pronome	Uso	Exemplo
who	pessoas (sujeito/objeto)	The man who called you is my uncle.
which	coisas/animais	The book which I read was amazing.
that	pessoas ou coisas (informal, só em orações definidoras)	The car that I bought is red.
whose	posse	The woman whose car was stolen called the police.
where	lugares	The city where I was born is beautiful.
when	tempo	I remember the day when we met.

2. Orações definidoras (Defining Relative Clauses)

Dão informação essencial para identificar do que/quem estamos falando, sem vírgulas:

The woman who lives next door is a doctor. → A mulher que mora ao lado é médica. (sem essa informação, não saberíamos qual mulher)

Nessas orações, o pronome pode ser omitido quando é objeto da oração:

The book (that) I read last week was great. (that = objeto, pode omitir) The man who called me is my boss. (who = sujeito, NÃO pode omitir)

3. Orações não-definidoras (Non-defining Relative Clauses)

Dão informação extra, não essencial, sempre com vírgulas, e nunca usam "that":

My brother, who lives in Canada, is visiting us next week. → Meu irmão, que mora no Canadá, vai nos visitar semana que vem. (eu só tenho um irmão, a informação é extra) Paris, which is the capital of France, is famous for its architecture.

Diferença de sentido: "My sister who lives in London is a teacher." → tenho mais de uma irmã, especifico qual (definidora, sem vírgula) "My sister, who lives in London, is a teacher." → tenho uma única irmã, e de passagem digo onde ela mora (não-definidora, com vírgula)

4. Discurso indireto avançado

Sugestões:

"Let's go to the beach," he said. → He suggested going to the beach. / He suggested that we go to the beach.

Conselhos:

"You should see a doctor," she said. → She advised me to see a doctor.

Convites:

"Would you like to come to dinner?" → He invited me to come to dinner.

Avisos:

"Don't touch that wire!" → He warned me not to touch the wire.

Desculpas:

"I'm sorry I broke your phone," he said. → He apologized for breaking my phone.

Verbo	Estrutura	Exemplo
suggest	suggest + V-ing / that + oração	suggested going / suggested that we go
advise	advise + object + to + verbo	advised me to rest
warn	warn + object + (not) to + verbo	warned me not to be late
apologize	apologize for + V-ing	apologized for being late
promise	promise + to + verbo	promised to call
offer	offer + to + verbo	offered to help

Vocabulário

essential information (informação essencial), extra information (informação extra), to identify (identificar)

Prática

My colleague, who has worked here for ten years, suggested that we automate the process. She also warned us not to skip the testing phase, and she apologized for bringing it up so late in the project.

Exercícios

1) Complete com o pronome relativo correto (who, which, whose, where, when):

a) The man car was stolen is my neighbor. b) This is the restaurant we had our first date. c) The movie we watched last night was boring. d) I'll never forget the day I graduated.

2) Classifique como definidora (D) ou não-definidora (N) e pontue corretamente:

a) My father who is a doctor works at the hospital downtown. (tenho vários irmãos/pais? assuma que só há um pai) b) The students who study hard usually get good grades.

3) Passe para o discurso indireto:

a) "Let's watch a movie," she said. → b) "You should rest," he said to me. → c) "I'm sorry I'm late," she said. →

Gabarito

1) a) whose; b) where; c) which; d) when

2) a) N; My father, who is a doctor, works at the hospital downtown. b) D; (sem vírgulas, correto como está)

3) a) She suggested watching a movie. / She suggested that we watch a movie. b) He advised me to rest. c) She apologized for being late.

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